Detection of Multi-Drug-Resistance (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis among Suspected Tuberculosis Patients in Bangladesh using Line Probe Assay

Sanjida Bari Ananna; Sohidul Islam; Ishrat Jabeen; Ishtiaque Ahammad; Mohammad Shamim Hossain; SM Mostafa Kamal Khan; Mahmud Hossain

doi:10.3329/brc.v8i2.60646

Authors

Sanjida Bari Ananna Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
Sohidul Islam Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
Ishrat Jabeen Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
Ishtiaque Ahammad National Institute of Biotechnology, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Mohammad Shamim Hossain National Institute of Disease of Chest and Hospital (NIDCH), Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
SM Mostafa Kamal Khan Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
Mahmud Hossain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3329/brc.v8i2.60646

Keywords:

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Line Probe Assay (LPA), Multi-drug resistant (MDR), Bangladesh

Abstract

Background: Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most significant concerns in tuberculosis control. Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis helps study evolutionary relationships, its transmission, and molecular epidemiology. The collaborative data from genotyping along with demographic data allows the observation of the current trends of the disease within a population. The molecular tools developed in the past two decades to detect this disease were found to be expensive. Using the Line Probe Assay (LPA) molecular method, it has become simpler to diagnose M. tuberculosis. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of MDR-TB in Bangladesh using LPA. Methods: LPA was used to identify sensitivity or resistance to the antibiotics Isoniazid (INH) and Rifampicin (RIF) (two out of the five first-line TB drugs.). Results: Out of 500 acid-fast smear-positive and LPA-positive sputum samples, the percentages of only RIF, only INH resistant, and resistant to both RIF and INH were 2.2%, 7.6%, and 12.6%, respectively. The majority of the detected MDR-TB cases were from patients within the age range of 21-40 years. This study found the highest number of MDR-TB in the relapse category of patients. Conclusion: LPA can be used successfully to identify MDR-TB prevalence in Bangladesh.

References

Ahmad, N. et al. (2016) ‘Effects of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment on Patients’ Health Related Quality of Life: Results from a Follow Up Study’, PLOS ONE, 11(7), p. e0159560. doi: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0159560.

Alexander, P. E. and De, P. (2007) ‘The emergence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB): TB/HIV coinfection, multidrug-resistant TB and the resulting public health threat from extensively drug-resistant TB, globally and in Canada’, The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale, 18(5), pp. 289–291. doi: 10.1155/2007/986794.

Allué-Guardia, A., García, J. I. and Torrelles, J. B. (2021) ‘Evolution of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains and Their Adaptation to the Human Lung Environment’, Frontiers in Microbiology, 12. doi: 10.3389/FMICB.2021.612675.

Ba Diallo, A. et al. (2017) ‘Emergence and clonal transmission of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis among patients in Chad’, BMC Infectious Diseases, 17(1), pp. 1–7. doi: 10.1186/S12879-017-2671-7/TABLES/2.

Caminero, J. A. et al. (2010) ‘Best drug treatment for multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis’, The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 10(9), pp. 621–629. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70139-0.

Eldholm, V. et al. (2016) ‘Impact of HIV co-infection on the evolution and transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis’, eLife, 5(AUGUST). doi: 10.7554/ELIFE.16644.001.

Gumbo, T. (2013) ‘Biological variability and the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis’, Nature genetics, 45(7), pp. 720–721. doi: 10.1038/NG.2675.

Hänscheid, T. et al. (2007) ‘Fluorescence microscopy for tuberculosis diagnosis’, The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 7(4), pp. 236–237. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70058-0.

He, X. C. et al. (2016) ‘Epidemiological Trends of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in China From 2007 to 2014: A Retrospective Study’, Medicine, 95(15). doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000003336.

KUBICA, G. P. et al. (1963) ‘Sputum digestion and decontamination with N-acetyl-L-cysteine-sodium hydroxide for culture of mycobacteria’, The American review of respiratory disease, 87, pp. 775–779. doi: 10.1164/ARRD.1963.87.5.775.

Long, E. R. (1958) The chemistry and chemotherapy of tuberculosis. Baillier̀e, Tindall & Cox.

Meaza, A. et al. (2017) ‘Evaluation of genotype MTBDRplus VER 2.0 line probe assay for the detection of MDR-TB in smear positive and negative sputum samples’, BMC Infectious Diseases, 17(1), pp. 1–8. doi: 10.1186/S12879-017-2389-6/TABLES/4.

Murray, J. F., Schraufnagel, D. E. and Hopewell, P. C. (2015) ‘Treatment of Tuberculosis. A Historical Perspective’, Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 12(12), pp. 1749–1759. doi: 10.1513/ANNALSATS.201509-632PS.

O’Donnell, M. R. et al. (2011) ‘Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in women, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa’, Emerging infectious diseases, 17(10), pp. 1942–1945. doi: 10.3201/EID1710.110105.

Onyango, D. O. et al. (2017) ‘Reduction of HIV-associated excess mortality by antiretroviral treatment among tuberculosis patients in Kenya.’, PLoS ONE, 12(11), p. e0188235.

Palomino, J. C. and Martin, A. (2014) ‘Drug Resistance Mechanisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis’, Antibiotics, 3(3), p. 317. doi: 10.3390/ANTIBIOTICS3030317.

Ramachandran, G. and Swaminathan, S. (2015) ‘Safety and tolerability profile of second-line anti-tuberculosis medications’, Drug safety, 38(3), pp. 253–269. doi: 10.1007/S40264-015-0267-Y.

Rufai, S. B. et al. (2014) ‘Comparison of Xpert MTB/RIF with Line Probe Assay for Detection of Rifampin-Monoresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis’, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 52(6), p. 1846. doi: 10.1128/JCM.03005-13.

Sensi, P. (1983) ‘History of the development of rifampin’, Reviews of infectious diseases, 5 Suppl 3, pp. S402–S406. doi: 10.1093/CLINIDS/5.SUPPLEMENT_3.S402.

Seung, K. J., Keshavjee, S. and Rich, M. L. (2015) ‘Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis’, Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 5(9). doi: 10.1101/CSHPERSPECT.A017863.

Smith, T., Wolff, K. A. and Nguyen, L. (2013) ‘Molecular biology of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis’, Current topics in microbiology and immunology, 374, pp. 53–80. doi: 10.1007/82_2012_279.

Surkova, L. et al. (2012) ‘A study on demographic characteristics of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Belarus’, International Journal of Mycobacteriology, 1(2), p. 75. doi: 10.1016/J.IJMYCO.2012.04.001.

Tuberculosis, WHO Fact sheets 2021 Factsheets. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis (Accessed: 20 June 2022).

Vilchèze, C. and Jacobs, W. R. (2007) ‘The mechanism of isoniazid killing: clarity through the scope of genetics’, Annual review of microbiology, 61, pp. 35–50. doi: 10.1146/ANNUREV.MICRO.61.111606.122346.

WHO (2021) Global Tuberculosis Report 2021. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/digital/global-tuberculosis-report-2021/covid-19 (Accessed: 20 June 2022).

World Health Organization (2020) ‘WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 4, Treatment : drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment.’, p. 98.

World Health Statistics 2014 - World | ReliefWeb (2014) Analysis. Available at:

https://reliefweb.int/report/world/world-health-statistics-2014?gclid=CjwKCAjw77WVBhBuEiwAJ-YoJOieYAYY482hW-kkACc87NDOSPaZV5zHTaz7o-7erDaeupcgKpUJ7hoC_1wQAvD_BwE (Accessed: 18 June 2022).